2. Egypt
Overview
Egypt, located in North Africa, is known for its ancient civilization, which includes iconic landmarks such as the pyramids and the Sphinx.
History
- Ancient Civilization: Known for the Pharaohs, pyramids, and hieroglyphics.
- Islamic Conquest: Became a major center of Islamic culture and learning.
- Modern Era: Nationalist movements led to independence from British rule in 1952.
Economy
- GDP: Approximately $404 billion.
- Per Capita Income: About $4,030.
- Major Industries: Tourism, agriculture, and textiles.
- Sources of Income: Tourism, remittances, agriculture.
Major Imported Goods
- Machinery, foodstuffs, and chemicals.
Major Exported Goods
- Petroleum products, cotton, and textiles.
Major Highways
- The Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road is a significant transport route.
Airports
- Cairo International Airport: The main international gateway.
Major Political Parties
- National Progressive Unionist Party, Wafd Party, and others.
Major Leaders
- Abdel Fattah el-Sisi: President since 2014.
Major Rivers
- Nile River: The longest river in the world, crucial for agriculture.
Major Goods Produced
- Cotton, textiles, and food products.
Major Ethnic Groups
- Predominantly Arab, with Nubian and Berber minorities.
Major Religions
- Islam (predominantly Sunni), Christianity (Coptic Orthodox).
Corruption
Corruption remains a significant issue in public administration.
Major Universities
- Cairo University, Ain Shams University, Alexandria University.
Major Cities
- Cairo, Alexandria, Giza, Luxor.
Ruling System
A semi-presidential republic with a strong executive branch.
