MACRO NEPAL
Wolfi OS for Security in Java: Complete Implementation Guide
awiskar acharya
December 15, 2025
2:32 pm

Introduction to Wolfi OS Security

Wolfi is a minimal, security-focused Linux distribution designed for containerized environments. While Wolfi itself is an OS distribution, we can implement its security principles in Java applications: minimal attack surface, SBOM generation, vulnerability scanning, and secure defaults.

Core Security Framework

Dependencies

<properties>
<jackson.version>2.15.2</jackson.version>
<bouncycastle.version>1.77</bouncycastle.version>
<guava.version>32.1.3-jre</guava.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- SBOM Generation -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.cyclonedx</groupId>
<artifactId>cyclonedx-core-java</artifactId>
<version>7.4.3</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Security Scanning -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.owasp</groupId>
<artifactId>dependency-check-core</artifactId>
<version>9.0.9</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Cryptography -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.bouncycastle</groupId>
<artifactId>bcpkix-jdk18on</artifactId>
<version>${bouncycastle.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- JSON Processing -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-dataformat-yaml</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Utilities -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
<artifactId>guava</artifactId>
<version>${guava.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- SLSA Provenance -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.in-toto</groupId>
<artifactId>in-toto-java</artifactId>
<version>0.5.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

SBOM (Software Bill of Materials) Generator

package com.wolfi.security.sbom;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.xml.XmlMapper;
import org.cyclonedx.CycloneDxSchema;
import org.cyclonedx.model.*;
import org.cyclonedx.model.Component.Type;
import org.cyclonedx.generators.json.BomJsonGenerator;
import org.cyclonedx.generators.xml.BomXmlGenerator;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.*;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.util.*;
public class WolfiSBOMGenerator {
private static final ObjectMapper JSON_MAPPER = new ObjectMapper();
private static final XmlMapper XML_MAPPER = new XmlMapper();
static {
JSON_MAPPER.setSerializationInclusion(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL);
}
public static class ComponentMetadata {
private String name;
private String version;
private String purl; // Package URL
private String type; // library, application, container, etc.
private Map<String, String> hashes;
private List<String> licenses;
private Map<String, Object> properties;
// Getters and setters
public String getName() { return name; }
public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }
public String getVersion() { return version; }
public void setVersion(String version) { this.version = version; }
public String getPurl() { return purl; }
public void setPurl(String purl) { this.purl = purl; }
public String getType() { return type; }
public void setType(String type) { this.type = type; }
public Map<String, String> getHashes() { return hashes; }
public void setHashes(Map<String, String> hashes) { this.hashes = hashes; }
public List<String> getLicenses() { return licenses; }
public void setLicenses(List<String> licenses) { this.licenses = licenses; }
public Map<String, Object> getProperties() { return properties; }
public void setProperties(Map<String, Object> properties) { this.properties = properties; }
}
public static class WolfiSBOM {
private final Bom bom;
private final String format; // "json" or "xml"
public WolfiSBOM(Bom bom, String format) {
this.bom = bom;
this.format = format;
}
public String toJson() throws IOException {
BomJsonGenerator generator = new BomJsonGenerator(CycloneDxSchema.Version.VERSION_14, bom);
return generator.toJsonString();
}
public String toXml() throws IOException {
BomXmlGenerator generator = new BomXmlGenerator(CycloneDxSchema.Version.VERSION_14, bom);
return generator.toXmlString();
}
public void writeToFile(Path outputPath) throws IOException {
String content;
if ("xml".equalsIgnoreCase(format)) {
content = toXml();
} else {
content = toJson();
}
Files.writeString(outputPath, content);
}
public Map<String, Object> toMap() {
Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
result.put("format", format);
result.put("components", bom.getComponents());
result.put("version", bom.getVersion());
result.put("serialNumber", bom.getSerialNumber());
return result;
}
}
public static WolfiSBOM generateFromJavaProject(Path projectRoot) throws Exception {
Bom bom = new Bom();
bom.setVersion(1);
bom.setSerialNumber("urn:uuid:" + UUID.randomUUID());
bom.setMetadata(createMetadata());
// Scan for components
List<Component> components = scanJavaComponents(projectRoot);
bom.setComponents(components);
// Add dependencies
List<Component> dependencies = scanDependencies(projectRoot);
components.addAll(dependencies);
// Generate vulnerability report
VulnerabilityAnalysis vulnerabilityAnalysis = analyzeVulnerabilities(components);
bom.setVulnerabilities(vulnerabilityAnalysis.getVulnerabilities());
return new WolfiSBOM(bom, "json");
}
private static Metadata createMetadata() {
Metadata metadata = new Metadata();
// Tool information
Tool tool = new Tool();
tool.setVendor("Wolfi Security");
tool.setName("Wolfi SBOM Generator");
tool.setVersion("1.0.0");
metadata.setTools(Collections.singletonList(tool));
// Component for the application itself
Component component = new Component();
component.setType(Type.APPLICATION);
component.setName("My Java Application");
component.setVersion("1.0.0");
component.setBomRef("app-1.0.0");
// Add hashes
ExternalReference ref = new ExternalReference();
ref.setType(ExternalReference.Type.VCS);
ref.setUrl("https://github.com/example/repo");
component.setExternalReferences(Collections.singletonList(ref));
metadata.setComponent(component);
return metadata;
}
private static List<Component> scanJavaComponents(Path projectRoot) throws Exception {
List<Component> components = new ArrayList<>();
// Scan for JAR files
Files.walk(projectRoot)
.filter(path -> path.toString().endsWith(".jar"))
.forEach(jarPath -> {
try {
Component component = analyzeJarComponent(jarPath);
if (component != null) {
components.add(component);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("Failed to analyze JAR: " + jarPath + " - " + e.getMessage());
}
});
// Scan for native libraries
Files.walk(projectRoot)
.filter(path -> {
String name = path.getFileName().toString();
return name.endsWith(".so") || name.endsWith(".dll") || name.endsWith(".dylib");
})
.forEach(libPath -> {
try {
Component component = analyzeNativeLibrary(libPath);
if (component != null) {
components.add(component);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("Failed to analyze native library: " + libPath);
}
});
return components;
}
private static Component analyzeJarComponent(Path jarPath) throws Exception {
String fileName = jarPath.getFileName().toString();
// Extract metadata from JAR
Map<String, String> manifest = extractManifest(jarPath);
String groupId = manifest.getOrDefault("Implementation-Vendor-Id", "unknown");
String artifactId = manifest.getOrDefault("Implementation-Title", 
fileName.replace(".jar", ""));
String version = manifest.getOrDefault("Implementation-Version", "unknown");
Component component = new Component();
component.setType(Type.LIBRARY);
component.setGroup(groupId);
component.setName(artifactId);
component.setVersion(version);
// Calculate hashes
Map<String, String> hashes = calculateHashes(jarPath);
List<Hash> hashList = new ArrayList<>();
hashes.forEach((algo, hash) -> {
Hash h = new Hash();
h.setAlgorithm(Hash.Algorithm.fromString(algo));
h.setValue(hash);
hashList.add(h);
});
component.setHashes(hashList);
// Generate PURL
String purl = String.format("pkg:maven/%s/%s@%s", 
groupId, artifactId, version);
component.setPurl(purl);
// Add licenses from manifest
String license = manifest.get("Bundle-License");
if (license != null) {
License lic = new License();
lic.setName(license);
component.setLicenseChoice(Collections.singletonList(lic));
}
return component;
}
private static Component analyzeNativeLibrary(Path libPath) throws Exception {
String fileName = libPath.getFileName().toString();
Component component = new Component();
component.setType(Type.LIBRARY);
component.setName(fileName);
component.setVersion("unknown");
// Calculate hashes
Map<String, String> hashes = calculateHashes(libPath);
List<Hash> hashList = new ArrayList<>();
hashes.forEach((algo, hash) -> {
Hash h = new Hash();
h.setAlgorithm(Hash.Algorithm.fromString(algo));
h.setValue(hash);
hashList.add(h);
});
component.setHashes(hashList);
// Try to identify library
String libraryInfo = identifyLibrary(libPath);
if (libraryInfo != null) {
component.setDescription(libraryInfo);
}
return component;
}
private static Map<String, String> extractManifest(Path jarPath) throws IOException {
Map<String, String> manifest = new HashMap<>();
try (java.util.jar.JarFile jarFile = new java.util.jar.JarFile(jarPath.toFile())) {
java.util.jar.Manifest mf = jarFile.getManifest();
if (mf != null) {
java.util.jar.Attributes attributes = mf.getMainAttributes();
attributes.forEach((key, value) -> 
manifest.put(key.toString(), value.toString()));
}
}
return manifest;
}
private static Map<String, String> calculateHashes(Path filePath) throws Exception {
Map<String, String> hashes = new HashMap<>();
byte[] fileData = Files.readAllBytes(filePath);
// SHA-256
MessageDigest sha256 = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
hashes.put("SHA-256", bytesToHex(sha256.digest(fileData)));
// SHA-512
MessageDigest sha512 = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-512");
hashes.put("SHA-512", bytesToHex(sha512.digest(fileData)));
// SHA3-256
try {
MessageDigest sha3_256 = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA3-256");
hashes.put("SHA3-256", bytesToHex(sha3_256.digest(fileData)));
} catch (Exception e) {
// SHA-3 might not be available
}
return hashes;
}
private static String identifyLibrary(Path libPath) {
// Implement library identification logic
// This could use file signatures, strings extraction, etc.
return null;
}
private static List<Component> scanDependencies(Path projectRoot) throws IOException {
List<Component> dependencies = new ArrayList<>();
// Check for Maven pom.xml
Path pomPath = projectRoot.resolve("pom.xml");
if (Files.exists(pomPath)) {
dependencies.addAll(parseMavenDependencies(pomPath));
}
// Check for Gradle build.gradle
Path gradlePath = projectRoot.resolve("build.gradle");
if (Files.exists(gradlePath)) {
dependencies.addAll(parseGradleDependencies(gradlePath));
}
return dependencies;
}
private static List<Component> parseMavenDependencies(Path pomPath) throws IOException {
List<Component> components = new ArrayList<>();
try {
String pomContent = Files.readString(pomPath);
// Simplified parsing - in production use Maven model
// This is a placeholder for actual dependency parsing
Pattern dependencyPattern = Pattern.compile(
"<dependency>.*?<groupId>(.*?)</groupId>.*?<artifactId>(.*?)</artifactId>.*?<version>(.*?)</version>.*?</dependency>",
Pattern.DOTALL
);
java.util.regex.Matcher matcher = dependencyPattern.matcher(pomContent);
while (matcher.find()) {
String groupId = matcher.group(1);
String artifactId = matcher.group(2);
String version = matcher.group(3);
Component component = new Component();
component.setType(Type.LIBRARY);
component.setGroup(groupId);
component.setName(artifactId);
component.setVersion(version);
component.setPurl(String.format("pkg:maven/%s/%s@%s", 
groupId, artifactId, version));
components.add(component);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("Failed to parse Maven dependencies: " + e.getMessage());
}
return components;
}
private static List<Component> parseGradleDependencies(Path gradlePath) {
// Placeholder for Gradle dependency parsing
return new ArrayList<>();
}
private static VulnerabilityAnalysis analyzeVulnerabilities(List<Component> components) {
VulnerabilityAnalysis analysis = new VulnerabilityAnalysis();
List<Vulnerability> vulnerabilities = new ArrayList<>();
// Integrate with OWASP Dependency Check or other vulnerability scanners
for (Component component : components) {
List<Vulnerability> componentVulns = checkComponentVulnerabilities(component);
vulnerabilities.addAll(componentVulns);
}
analysis.setVulnerabilities(vulnerabilities);
return analysis;
}
private static List<Vulnerability> checkComponentVulnerabilities(Component component) {
// Integrate with vulnerability databases
// This is a placeholder for actual vulnerability checking
return new ArrayList<>();
}
private static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
StringBuilder hexString = new StringBuilder();
for (byte b : bytes) {
hexString.append(String.format("%02x", b));
}
return hexString.toString();
}
}
class VulnerabilityAnalysis {
private List<Vulnerability> vulnerabilities;
public List<Vulnerability> getVulnerabilities() { return vulnerabilities; }
public void setVulnerabilities(List<Vulnerability> vulnerabilities) { 
this.vulnerabilities = vulnerabilities; 
}
}

Minimal Container Builder (Wolfi-inspired)

package com.wolfi.security.container;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.yaml.YAMLFactory;
import java.io.*;
import java.nio.file.*;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream;
public class WolfiContainerBuilder {
private static final ObjectMapper YAML_MAPPER = new ObjectMapper(new YAMLFactory());
private static final ObjectMapper JSON_MAPPER = new ObjectMapper();
static {
JSON_MAPPER.enable(SerializationFeature.INDENT_OUTPUT);
}
public static class ContainerConfig {
private String baseImage = "wolfi/base";
private List<String> packages = new ArrayList<>();
private Map<String, String> environment = new HashMap<>();
private List<String> entrypoint = new ArrayList<>();
private List<String> cmd = new ArrayList<>();
private String workdir = "/app";
private String user = "nonroot";
private Map<String, String> labels = new HashMap<>();
private List<Port> exposedPorts = new ArrayList<>();
private List<Volume> volumes = new ArrayList<>();
private Healthcheck healthcheck;
private SecurityConfig security = new SecurityConfig();
// Getters and setters
public String getBaseImage() { return baseImage; }
public void setBaseImage(String baseImage) { this.baseImage = baseImage; }
public List<String> getPackages() { return packages; }
public void setPackages(List<String> packages) { this.packages = packages; }
public Map<String, String> getEnvironment() { return environment; }
public void setEnvironment(Map<String, String> environment) { this.environment = environment; }
public List<String> getEntrypoint() { return entrypoint; }
public void setEntrypoint(List<String> entrypoint) { this.entrypoint = entrypoint; }
public List<String> getCmd() { return cmd; }
public void setCmd(List<String> cmd) { this.cmd = cmd; }
public String getWorkdir() { return workdir; }
public void setWorkdir(String workdir) { this.workdir = workdir; }
public String getUser() { return user; }
public void setUser(String user) { this.user = user; }
public Map<String, String> getLabels() { return labels; }
public void setLabels(Map<String, String> labels) { this.labels = labels; }
public List<Port> getExposedPorts() { return exposedPorts; }
public void setExposedPorts(List<Port> exposedPorts) { this.exposedPorts = exposedPorts; }
public List<Volume> getVolumes() { return volumes; }
public void setVolumes(List<Volume> volumes) { this.volumes = volumes; }
public Healthcheck getHealthcheck() { return healthcheck; }
public void setHealthcheck(Healthcheck healthcheck) { this.healthcheck = healthcheck; }
public SecurityConfig getSecurity() { return security; }
public void setSecurity(SecurityConfig security) { this.security = security; }
}
public static class Port {
private int port;
private String protocol = "tcp";
public Port(int port) { this.port = port; }
public Port(int port, String protocol) { this.port = port; this.protocol = protocol; }
public int getPort() { return port; }
public void setPort(int port) { this.port = port; }
public String getProtocol() { return protocol; }
public void setProtocol(String protocol) { this.protocol = protocol; }
}
public static class Volume {
private String path;
private String type = "volume";
public Volume(String path) { this.path = path; }
public String getPath() { return path; }
public void setPath(String path) { this.path = path; }
public String getType() { return type; }
public void setType(String type) { this.type = type; }
}
public static class Healthcheck {
private List<String> test;
private String interval = "30s";
private String timeout = "10s";
private String startPeriod = "5s";
private int retries = 3;
public List<String> getTest() { return test; }
public void setTest(List<String> test) { this.test = test; }
public String getInterval() { return interval; }
public void setInterval(String interval) { this.interval = interval; }
public String getTimeout() { return timeout; }
public void setTimeout(String timeout) { this.timeout = timeout; }
public String getStartPeriod() { return startPeriod; }
public void setStartPeriod(String startPeriod) { this.startPeriod = startPeriod; }
public int getRetries() { return retries; }
public void setRetries(int retries) { this.retries = retries; }
}
public static class SecurityConfig {
private boolean noNewPrivileges = true;
private boolean readOnlyRootFS = true;
private List<String> capabilitiesDrop = Arrays.asList("ALL");
private List<String> capabilitiesAdd = new ArrayList<>();
private String seccompProfile = "runtime/default";
private String apparmorProfile = "runtime/default";
private boolean privileged = false;
private List<String> sysctls = new ArrayList<>();
// Getters and setters
public boolean isNoNewPrivileges() { return noNewPrivileges; }
public void setNoNewPrivileges(boolean noNewPrivileges) { this.noNewPrivileges = noNewPrivileges; }
public boolean isReadOnlyRootFS() { return readOnlyRootFS; }
public void setReadOnlyRootFS(boolean readOnlyRootFS) { this.readOnlyRootFS = readOnlyRootFS; }
public List<String> getCapabilitiesDrop() { return capabilitiesDrop; }
public void setCapabilitiesDrop(List<String> capabilitiesDrop) { this.capabilitiesDrop = capabilitiesDrop; }
public List<String> getCapabilitiesAdd() { return capabilitiesAdd; }
public void setCapabilitiesAdd(List<String> capabilitiesAdd) { this.capabilitiesAdd = capabilitiesAdd; }
public String getSeccompProfile() { return seccompProfile; }
public void setSeccompProfile(String seccompProfile) { this.seccompProfile = seccompProfile; }
public String getApparmorProfile() { return apparmorProfile; }
public void setApparmorProfile(String apparmorProfile) { this.apparmorProfile = apparmorProfile; }
public boolean isPrivileged() { return privileged; }
public void setPrivileged(boolean privileged) { this.privileged = privileged; }
public List<String> getSysctls() { return sysctls; }
public void setSysctls(List<String> sysctls) { this.sysctls = sysctls; }
}
public static class ContainerBuildResult {
private final Path imagePath;
private final String imageId;
private final Map<String, String> layers;
private final ContainerConfig config;
public ContainerBuildResult(Path imagePath, String imageId, 
Map<String, String> layers, ContainerConfig config) {
this.imagePath = imagePath;
this.imageId = imageId;
this.layers = layers;
this.config = config;
}
public Path getImagePath() { return imagePath; }
public String getImageId() { return imageId; }
public Map<String, String> getLayers() { return layers; }
public ContainerConfig getConfig() { return config; }
}
public static ContainerBuildResult buildContainer(
Path contextDir, 
ContainerConfig config,
Path outputDir) throws Exception {
// Create temporary directory for build
Path tempDir = Files.createTempDirectory("wolfi-build");
try {
// 1. Create minimal filesystem structure
Path rootfs = createRootFS(tempDir, config);
// 2. Add application files
addApplicationFiles(contextDir, rootfs);
// 3. Create OCI image layout
Path ociDir = createOCILayout(tempDir, rootfs, config);
// 4. Generate image manifest and config
String imageId = generateImageManifest(ociDir, config);
// 5. Create final image tarball
Path imagePath = createImageTarball(ociDir, outputDir, imageId);
// 6. Generate SBOM for the image
generateImageSBOM(ociDir, config, imageId);
// 7. Sign the image (optional)
signImage(imagePath);
Map<String, String> layers = getLayerDigests(ociDir);
return new ContainerBuildResult(imagePath, imageId, layers, config);
} finally {
// Cleanup temp directory
deleteDirectory(tempDir);
}
}
private static Path createRootFS(Path tempDir, ContainerConfig config) throws IOException {
Path rootfs = tempDir.resolve("rootfs");
Files.createDirectories(rootfs);
// Create minimal directory structure
String[] directories = {
"bin", "etc", "home", "lib", "opt", "root",
"sbin", "tmp", "usr/bin", "usr/lib", "usr/local",
"var/log", "var/run", "app"
};
for (String dir : directories) {
Files.createDirectories(rootfs.resolve(dir));
}
// Set permissions (non-root user access)
Files.setPosixFilePermissions(rootfs.resolve("tmp"), 
PosixFilePermissions.fromString("rwxrwxrwt"));
Files.setPosixFilePermissions(rootfs.resolve("app"),
PosixFilePermissions.fromString("rwxr-xr-x"));
// Create minimal /etc/passwd and /etc/group for nonroot user
createPasswdFile(rootfs.resolve("etc/passwd"), config.getUser());
createGroupFile(rootfs.resolve("etc/group"), config.getUser());
return rootfs;
}
private static void createPasswdFile(Path passwdPath, String user) throws IOException {
String content = String.format(
"root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/sh\n" +
"%s:x:65532:65532:nonroot user:/home/%s:/bin/sh\n",
user, user
);
Files.writeString(passwdPath, content);
}
private static void createGroupFile(Path groupPath, String user) throws IOException {
String content = String.format(
"root:x:0:\n" +
"%s:x:65532:\n",
user
);
Files.writeString(groupPath, content);
}
private static void addApplicationFiles(Path contextDir, Path rootfs) throws IOException {
Path appDir = rootfs.resolve("app");
// Copy application JAR
Files.walk(contextDir)
.filter(path -> path.toString().endsWith(".jar"))
.forEach(jarPath -> {
try {
Files.copy(jarPath, appDir.resolve(jarPath.getFileName()));
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failed to copy JAR file", e);
}
});
// Copy configuration files
Path configDir = contextDir.resolve("config");
if (Files.exists(configDir)) {
Files.walk(configDir)
.forEach(source -> {
try {
Path relative = configDir.relativize(source);
Path target = rootfs.resolve("etc").resolve(relative);
if (Files.isDirectory(source)) {
Files.createDirectories(target);
} else {
Files.copy(source, target, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failed to copy config files", e);
}
});
}
}
private static Path createOCILayout(Path tempDir, Path rootfs, ContainerConfig config) 
throws Exception {
Path ociDir = tempDir.resolve("oci");
Path blobsDir = ociDir.resolve("blobs").resolve("sha256");
Files.createDirectories(blobsDir);
// Create OCI layout file
Files.writeString(ociDir.resolve("oci-layout"),
"{\"imageLayoutVersion\": \"1.0.0\"}");
// Create image configuration
String configJson = createImageConfig(config);
String configDigest = writeBlob(blobsDir, configJson.getBytes());
// Create rootfs layer
byte[] layerTar = createLayerTar(rootfs);
byte[] compressedLayer = compressGzip(layerTar);
String layerDigest = writeBlob(blobsDir, compressedLayer);
// Create manifest
String manifest = createManifest(configDigest, layerDigest);
Files.writeString(ociDir.resolve("manifest.json"), manifest);
// Create index
String index = createIndex(configDigest);
Files.writeString(ociDir.resolve("index.json"), index);
return ociDir;
}
private static String createImageConfig(ContainerConfig config) throws IOException {
Map<String, Object> imageConfig = new LinkedHashMap<>();
// Created time
imageConfig.put("created", Instant.now().toString());
// Author
imageConfig.put("author", "Wolfi Security Builder");
// Architecture
imageConfig.put("architecture", "amd64");
// OS
imageConfig.put("os", "linux");
// Config
Map<String, Object> configMap = new HashMap<>();
// User
configMap.put("User", config.getUser());
// Environment variables
List<String> envVars = config.getEnvironment().entrySet().stream()
.map(e -> e.getKey() + "=" + e.getValue())
.collect(Collectors.toList());
configMap.put("Env", envVars);
// Entrypoint and Cmd
if (!config.getEntrypoint().isEmpty()) {
configMap.put("Entrypoint", config.getEntrypoint());
}
if (!config.getCmd().isEmpty()) {
configMap.put("Cmd", config.getCmd());
}
// Working directory
configMap.put("WorkingDir", config.getWorkdir());
// Labels
configMap.put("Labels", config.getLabels());
// Exposed ports
Map<String, Object> exposedPorts = new HashMap<>();
for (Port port : config.getExposedPorts()) {
exposedPorts.put(port.getPort() + "/" + port.getProtocol(), new HashMap<>());
}
configMap.put("ExposedPorts", exposedPorts);
// Volumes
Map<String, Object> volumes = new HashMap<>();
for (Volume volume : config.getVolumes()) {
volumes.put(volume.getPath(), new HashMap<>());
}
configMap.put("Volumes", volumes);
// Healthcheck
if (config.getHealthcheck() != null) {
Map<String, Object> healthcheck = new HashMap<>();
healthcheck.put("Test", config.getHealthcheck().getTest());
healthcheck.put("Interval", parseDuration(config.getHealthcheck().getInterval()));
healthcheck.put("Timeout", parseDuration(config.getHealthcheck().getTimeout()));
healthcheck.put("StartPeriod", parseDuration(config.getHealthcheck().getStartPeriod()));
healthcheck.put("Retries", config.getHealthcheck().getRetries());
configMap.put("Healthcheck", healthcheck);
}
imageConfig.put("config", configMap);
// RootFS
Map<String, Object> rootFS = new HashMap<>();
rootFS.put("type", "layers");
rootFS.put("diff_ids", Arrays.asList("sha256:" + calculateSha256(new byte[0])));
imageConfig.put("rootfs", rootFS);
// History
List<Map<String, String>> history = new ArrayList<>();
Map<String, String> historyEntry = new HashMap<>();
historyEntry.put("created", Instant.now().toString());
historyEntry.put("created_by", "Wolfi Security Builder");
historyEntry.put("comment", "Minimal secure container");
history.add(historyEntry);
imageConfig.put("history", history);
return JSON_MAPPER.writeValueAsString(imageConfig);
}
private static long parseDuration(String duration) {
// Parse duration like "30s", "1m", etc.
if (duration.endsWith("s")) {
return Long.parseLong(duration.substring(0, duration.length() - 1)) * 1_000_000_000L;
} else if (duration.endsWith("m")) {
return Long.parseLong(duration.substring(0, duration.length() - 1)) * 60_000_000_000L;
}
return 30_000_000_000L; // Default 30 seconds
}
private static byte[] createLayerTar(Path rootfs) throws IOException {
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
try (java.util.zip.TarOutputStream tarOut = new java.util.zip.TarOutputStream(baos)) {
Files.walk(rootfs)
.forEach(path -> {
try {
Path relative = rootfs.relativize(path);
if (relative.toString().isEmpty()) {
return;
}
java.util.zip.TarEntry entry = new java.util.zip.TarEntry(
relative.toString() + (Files.isDirectory(path) ? "/" : ""));
// Set permissions
if (Files.isDirectory(path)) {
entry.setMode(0755);
} else if (Files.isExecutable(path)) {
entry.setMode(0755);
} else {
entry.setMode(0644);
}
entry.setSize(Files.size(path));
entry.setModTime(Files.getLastModifiedTime(path).toMillis());
tarOut.putNextEntry(entry);
if (!Files.isDirectory(path)) {
Files.copy(path, tarOut);
}
tarOut.closeEntry();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create tar entry", e);
}
});
}
return baos.toByteArray();
}
private static byte[] compressGzip(byte[] data) throws IOException {
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
try (GZIPOutputStream gzipOut = new GZIPOutputStream(baos)) {
gzipOut.write(data);
}
return baos.toByteArray();
}
private static String writeBlob(Path blobsDir, byte[] data) throws Exception {
String digest = "sha256:" + calculateSha256(data);
Path blobPath = blobsDir.resolve(digest.substring(7)); // Remove "sha256:" prefix
Files.write(blobPath, data);
return digest;
}
private static String calculateSha256(byte[] data) throws Exception {
MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
byte[] hash = digest.digest(data);
return bytesToHex(hash);
}
private static String createManifest(String configDigest, String layerDigest) 
throws IOException {
Map<String, Object> manifest = new LinkedHashMap<>();
manifest.put("schemaVersion", 2);
manifest.put("mediaType", "application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json");
Map<String, Object> config = new HashMap<>();
config.put("mediaType", "application/vnd.oci.image.config.v1+json");
config.put("digest", configDigest);
config.put("size", 0); // Would be actual size
manifest.put("config", config);
List<Map<String, Object>> layers = new ArrayList<>();
Map<String, Object> layer = new HashMap<>();
layer.put("mediaType", "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip");
layer.put("digest", layerDigest);
layer.put("size", 0); // Would be actual size
layers.add(layer);
manifest.put("layers", layers);
return JSON_MAPPER.writeValueAsString(manifest);
}
private static String createIndex(String configDigest) throws IOException {
Map<String, Object> index = new LinkedHashMap<>();
index.put("schemaVersion", 2);
index.put("mediaType", "application/vnd.oci.image.index.v1+json");
List<Map<String, Object>> manifests = new ArrayList<>();
Map<String, Object> manifest = new HashMap<>();
manifest.put("mediaType", "application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json");
manifest.put("digest", configDigest);
manifest.put("size", 0);
manifest.put("platform", Map.of(
"architecture", "amd64",
"os", "linux"
));
manifests.add(manifest);
index.put("manifests", manifests);
return JSON_MAPPER.writeValueAsString(index);
}
private static String generateImageManifest(Path ociDir, ContainerConfig config) 
throws Exception {
// Generate unique image ID
String timestamp = String.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis());
String imageId = "sha256:" + calculateSha256(
(config.getBaseImage() + timestamp).getBytes());
// Store image metadata
Map<String, Object> metadata = new HashMap<>();
metadata.put("id", imageId);
metadata.put("created", Instant.now().toString());
metadata.put("config", config);
String metadataJson = JSON_MAPPER.writeValueAsString(metadata);
Files.writeString(ociDir.resolve("image-metadata.json"), metadataJson);
return imageId;
}
private static Path createImageTarball(Path ociDir, Path outputDir, String imageId) 
throws IOException {
String imageName = imageId.replace("sha256:", "").substring(0, 12);
Path imagePath = outputDir.resolve(imageName + ".tar");
try (java.util.zip.TarOutputStream tarOut = new java.util.zip.TarOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream(imagePath.toFile()))) {
// Add OCI layout files to tarball
addDirectoryToTar(ociDir, "", tarOut);
}
return imagePath;
}
private static void addDirectoryToTar(Path source, String basePath, 
java.util.zip.TarOutputStream tarOut) 
throws IOException {
Files.walk(source)
.forEach(path -> {
try {
String entryName = basePath + source.relativize(path).toString();
if (entryName.isEmpty()) {
return;
}
java.util.zip.TarEntry entry = new java.util.zip.TarEntry(
entryName + (Files.isDirectory(path) ? "/" : ""));
entry.setSize(Files.size(path));
entry.setModTime(Files.getLastModifiedTime(path).toMillis());
// Set permissions
if (Files.isDirectory(path)) {
entry.setMode(0755);
} else if (Files.isExecutable(path)) {
entry.setMode(0755);
} else {
entry.setMode(0644);
}
tarOut.putNextEntry(entry);
if (!Files.isDirectory(path)) {
Files.copy(path, tarOut);
}
tarOut.closeEntry();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failed to add directory to tar", e);
}
});
}
private static void generateImageSBOM(Path ociDir, ContainerConfig config, String imageId) 
throws Exception {
// Generate SBOM for the container image
Map<String, Object> sbom = new HashMap<>();
sbom.put("imageId", imageId);
sbom.put("created", Instant.now().toString());
sbom.put("baseImage", config.getBaseImage());
sbom.put("packages", config.getPackages());
sbom.put("securityConfig", config.getSecurity());
String sbomJson = JSON_MAPPER.writeValueAsString(sbom);
Files.writeString(ociDir.resolve("sbom.json"), sbomJson);
}
private static void signImage(Path imagePath) {
// Implement image signing using cosign or similar
// This would involve generating cryptographic signatures
}
private static Map<String, String> getLayerDigests(Path ociDir) throws IOException {
Map<String, String> digests = new HashMap<>();
Path blobsDir = ociDir.resolve("blobs").resolve("sha256");
if (Files.exists(blobsDir)) {
Files.list(blobsDir)
.forEach(blob -> {
try {
String digest = "sha256:" + blob.getFileName().toString();
digests.put(digest, Files.size(blob));
} catch (IOException e) {
// Ignore
}
});
}
return digests;
}
private static void deleteDirectory(Path dir) throws IOException {
if (Files.exists(dir)) {
Files.walk(dir)
.sorted(Comparator.reverseOrder())
.forEach(path -> {
try {
Files.delete(path);
} catch (IOException e) {
// Ignore cleanup errors
}
});
}
}
private static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
StringBuilder hexString = new StringBuilder();
for (byte b : bytes) {
hexString.append(String.format("%02x", b));
}
return hexString.toString();
}
}

Security Scanner and Policy Engine

package com.wolfi.security.scanner;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.owasp.dependencycheck.Engine;
import org.owasp.dependencycheck.dependency.Dependency;
import org.owasp.dependencycheck.dependency.Vulnerability;
import org.owasp.dependencycheck.exception.ExceptionCollection;
import org.owasp.dependencycheck.reporting.ReportGenerator;
import java.io.*;
import java.nio.file.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
public class WolfiSecurityScanner {
private static final ObjectMapper MAPPER = new ObjectMapper();
private final ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4);
public static class ScanResult {
private final boolean passed;
private final List<SecurityFinding> findings;
private final Map<String, Object> metadata;
public ScanResult(boolean passed, List<SecurityFinding> findings, 
Map<String, Object> metadata) {
this.passed = passed;
this.findings = findings;
this.metadata = metadata;
}
public boolean isPassed() { return passed; }
public List<SecurityFinding> getFindings() { return findings; }
public Map<String, Object> getMetadata() { return metadata; }
}
public static class SecurityFinding {
private final String type; // VULNERABILITY, CONFIG, SECRET, COMPLIANCE
private final String severity; // CRITICAL, HIGH, MEDIUM, LOW, INFO
private final String title;
private final String description;
private final String component;
private final String location;
private final Map<String, Object> details;
private final List<String> remediation;
public SecurityFinding(String type, String severity, String title, 
String description, String component, String location,
Map<String, Object> details, List<String> remediation) {
this.type = type;
this.severity = severity;
this.title = title;
this.description = description;
this.component = component;
this.location = location;
this.details = details;
this.remediation = remediation;
}
// Getters
public String getType() { return type; }
public String getSeverity() { return severity; }
public String getTitle() { return title; }
public String getDescription() { return description; }
public String getComponent() { return component; }
public String getLocation() { return location; }
public Map<String, Object> getDetails() { return details; }
public List<String> getRemediation() { return remediation; }
}
public ScanResult scanContainerImage(Path imagePath, SecurityPolicy policy) 
throws Exception {
List<SecurityFinding> findings = new ArrayList<>();
Map<String, Object> metadata = new HashMap<>();
// Extract image for analysis
Path extractedImage = extractImage(imagePath);
try {
// 1. Scan for vulnerabilities
List<SecurityFinding> vulnFindings = scanVulnerabilities(extractedImage);
findings.addAll(vulnFindings);
// 2. Check configuration
List<SecurityFinding> configFindings = checkConfiguration(extractedImage, policy);
findings.addAll(configFindings);
// 3. Scan for secrets
List<SecurityFinding> secretFindings = scanSecrets(extractedImage);
findings.addAll(secretFindings);
// 4. Check compliance
List<SecurityFinding> complianceFindings = checkCompliance(extractedImage, policy);
findings.addAll(complianceFindings);
// 5. Check packages
List<SecurityFinding> packageFindings = checkPackages(extractedImage, policy);
findings.addAll(packageFindings);
// Aggregate results
metadata.put("scanTimestamp", new Date());
metadata.put("image", imagePath.getFileName().toString());
metadata.put("totalFindings", findings.size());
// Check if passed based on policy
boolean passed = evaluateFindings(findings, policy);
return new ScanResult(passed, findings, metadata);
} finally {
// Cleanup extracted image
deleteDirectory(extractedImage);
}
}
private Path extractImage(Path imagePath) throws IOException {
Path extractDir = Files.createTempDirectory("image-extract");
// Extract tar archive
try (java.util.zip.TarInputStream tarIn = new java.util.zip.TarInputStream(
new FileInputStream(imagePath.toFile()))) {
java.util.zip.TarEntry entry;
while ((entry = tarIn.getNextEntry()) != null) {
Path entryPath = extractDir.resolve(entry.getName());
if (entry.isDirectory()) {
Files.createDirectories(entryPath);
} else {
Files.createDirectories(entryPath.getParent());
Files.copy(tarIn, entryPath, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
}
}
}
return extractDir;
}
private List<SecurityFinding> scanVulnerabilities(Path extractedImage) {
List<SecurityFinding> findings = new ArrayList<>();
try (Engine engine = new Engine()) {
// Configure engine
engine.setSettings(new java.util.Properties());
// Scan for JAR files
Files.walk(extractedImage)
.filter(path -> path.toString().endsWith(".jar"))
.forEach(jarPath -> {
try {
Dependency dependency = engine.scan(jarPath.toFile());
engine.analyzeDependencies();
for (Vulnerability vuln : dependency.getVulnerabilities()) {
Map<String, Object> details = new HashMap<>();
details.put("cve", vuln.getName());
details.put("cvssScore", vuln.getCvssV3().getBaseScore());
details.put("description", vuln.getDescription());
List<String> remediation = new ArrayList<>();
remediation.add("Update to latest version");
if (vuln.getReferences() != null) {
remediation.add("See: " + vuln.getReferences());
}
findings.add(new SecurityFinding(
"VULNERABILITY",
mapSeverity(vuln.getSeverity()),
vuln.getName(),
vuln.getDescription(),
dependency.getFileName(),
jarPath.toString(),
details,
remediation
));
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("Failed to scan JAR: " + jarPath + " - " + e.getMessage());
}
});
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("Vulnerability scan failed: " + e.getMessage());
}
return findings;
}
private String mapSeverity(String severity) {
if (severity == null) return "UNKNOWN";
switch (severity.toUpperCase()) {
case "CRITICAL": return "CRITICAL";
case "HIGH": return "HIGH";
case "MEDIUM": return "MEDIUM";
case "LOW": return "LOW";
default: return "INFO";
}
}
private List<SecurityFinding> checkConfiguration(Path extractedImage, SecurityPolicy policy) {
List<SecurityFinding> findings = new ArrayList<>();
// Check for common misconfigurations
checkFilePermissions(extractedImage, findings);
checkSUIDBits(extractedImage, findings);
checkWorldWritableFiles(extractedImage, findings);
checkDockerfileBestPractices(extractedImage, findings, policy);
return findings;
}
private void checkFilePermissions(Path root, List<SecurityFinding> findings) {
try {
Files.walk(root)
.filter(Files::isRegularFile)
.forEach(file -> {
try {
Set<PosixFilePermission> perms = Files.getPosixFilePermissions(file);
// Check for world-writable files
if (perms.contains(PosixFilePermission.OTHERS_WRITE)) {
findings.add(new SecurityFinding(
"CONFIG",
"HIGH",
"World-writable file",
"File is writable by anyone",
file.getFileName().toString(),
root.relativize(file).toString(),
Map.of("permissions", PosixFilePermissions.toString(perms)),
List.of("Remove world-writable permission: chmod o-w " + file)
));
}
// Check for SUID/SGID binaries
if (perms.contains(PosixFilePermission.SETUID) || 
perms.contains(PosixFilePermission.SETGID)) {
findings.add(new SecurityFinding(
"CONFIG",
"MEDIUM",
"SUID/SGID binary found",
"Binary runs with elevated privileges",
file.getFileName().toString(),
root.relativize(file).toString(),
Map.of("permissions", PosixFilePermissions.toString(perms)),
List.of("Remove SUID/SGID if not needed: chmod u-s,g-s " + file)
));
}
} catch (IOException e) {
// Ignore permission errors
}
});
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("Failed to check file permissions: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
private void checkSUIDBits(Path root, List<SecurityFinding> findings) {
// Check for unnecessary SUID binaries
List<String> allowedSUID = Arrays.asList(
"/bin/su", "/usr/bin/sudo", "/bin/mount", "/bin/umount"
);
try {
Files.walk(root)
.filter(Files::isRegularFile)
.filter(Files::isExecutable)
.forEach(file -> {
try {
Set<PosixFilePermission> perms = Files.getPosixFilePermissions(file);
if (perms.contains(PosixFilePermission.SETUID)) {
String relativePath = root.relativize(file).toString();
if (!allowedSUID.contains(relativePath)) {
findings.add(new SecurityFinding(
"CONFIG",
"HIGH",
"Unexpected SUID binary",
"SUID binary found that shouldn't need elevated privileges",
file.getFileName().toString(),
relativePath,
Map.of("path", relativePath),
List.of("Remove SUID bit: chmod u-s " + file)
));
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
// Ignore
}
});
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("Failed to check SUID bits: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
private void checkWorldWritableFiles(Path root, List<SecurityFinding> findings) {
try {
Files.walk(root)
.filter(Files::isRegularFile)
.forEach(file -> {
try {
Set<PosixFilePermission> perms = Files.getPosixFilePermissions(file);
if (perms.contains(PosixFilePermission.OTHERS_WRITE)) {
// Allow /tmp directory
if (!file.toString().contains("/tmp/")) {
findings.add(new SecurityFinding(
"CONFIG",
"MEDIUM",
"World-writable file outside /tmp",
"File is writable by any user",
file.getFileName().toString(),
root.relativize(file).toString(),
Map.of("permissions", PosixFilePermissions.toString(perms)),
List.of("Restrict permissions: chmod o-w " + file)
));
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
// Ignore
}
});
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("Failed to check world-writable files: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
private void checkDockerfileBestPractices(Path root, List<SecurityFinding> findings, 
SecurityPolicy policy) {
// Check for Dockerfile best practices
try {
Files.walk(root)
.filter(path -> path.getFileName().toString().equalsIgnoreCase("Dockerfile"))
.forEach(dockerfile -> {
try {
List<String> lines = Files.readAllLines(dockerfile);
for (int i = 0; i < lines.size(); i++) {
String line = lines.get(i).trim();
// Check for RUN instructions with apt-get upgrade
if (line.startsWith("RUN") && line.contains("apt-get upgrade")) {
findings.add(new SecurityFinding(
"CONFIG",
"MEDIUM",
"apt-get upgrade in Dockerfile",
"Using apt-get upgrade can make builds non-deterministic",
"Dockerfile",
root.relativize(dockerfile).toString() + ":" + (i + 1),
Map.of("line", line),
List.of("Use specific package versions instead of upgrade")
));
}
// Check for root user
if (line.startsWith("USER root")) {
findings.add(new SecurityFinding(
"CONFIG",
"HIGH",
"Running as root",
"Container runs with root privileges",
"Dockerfile",
root.relativize(dockerfile).toString() + ":" + (i + 1),
Map.of("line", line),
List.of("Add non-root user: RUN adduser -D -u 1000 appuser",
"Switch to non-root: USER appuser")
));
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("Failed to read Dockerfile: " + e.getMessage());
}
});
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("Failed to check Dockerfiles: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
private List<SecurityFinding> scanSecrets(Path extractedImage) {
List<SecurityFinding> findings = new ArrayList<>();
// Patterns for common secrets
Map<String, String> secretPatterns = new HashMap<>();
secretPatterns.put("AWS_ACCESS_KEY", "AKIA[0-9A-Z]{16}");
secretPatterns.put("AWS_SECRET_KEY", "[0-9a-zA-Z/+]{40}");
secretPatterns.put("API_KEY", "(?i)api[_-]?key[\\s]*[=:][\\s]*['\"]?[0-9a-zA-Z]{32,}['\"]?");
secretPatterns.put("JWT_TOKEN", "eyJ[A-Za-z0-9_-]*\\.[A-Za-z0-9._-]*\\.[A-Za-z0-9._-]*");
secretPatterns.put("PRIVATE_KEY", "-----BEGIN (RSA|DSA|EC|OPENSSH) PRIVATE KEY-----");
secretPatterns.put("PASSWORD", "(?i)password[\\s]*[=:][\\s]*['\"]?[^\\s'\"]+['\"]?");
try {
Files.walk(extractedImage)
.filter(Files::isRegularFile)
.filter(path -> {
String name = path.getFileName().toString();
return !name.endsWith(".jar") && !name.endsWith(".class") && 
!name.endsWith(".so") && !name.endsWith(".dll");
})
.forEach(file -> {
try {
String content = Files.readString(file);
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : secretPatterns.entrySet()) {
java.util.regex.Pattern pattern = 
java.util.regex.Pattern.compile(entry.getValue());
java.util.regex.Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(content);
if (matcher.find()) {
// Extract context (don't include the actual secret)
int start = Math.max(0, matcher.start() - 50);
int end = Math.min(content.length(), matcher.end() + 50);
String context = content.substring(start, end)
.replace(matcher.group(), "***REDACTED***");
findings.add(new SecurityFinding(
"SECRET",
"CRITICAL",
"Potential secret found: " + entry.getKey(),
"Secret or credential detected in file",
file.getFileName().toString(),
extractedImage.relativize(file).toString(),
Map.of(
"type", entry.getKey(),
"context", context,
"line", findLineNumber(content, matcher.start())
),
List.of(
"Remove the secret from the file",
"Use environment variables or secret management",
"Regenerate the secret if compromised"
)
));
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
// Skip files we can't read
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("Error scanning file for secrets: " + file);
}
});
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("Failed to scan for secrets: " + e.getMessage());
}
return findings;
}
private int findLineNumber(String content, int position) {
int line = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < position; i++) {
if (content.charAt(i) == '\n') {
line++;
}
}
return line;
}
private List<SecurityFinding> checkCompliance(Path extractedImage, SecurityPolicy policy) {
List<SecurityFinding> findings = new ArrayList<>();
// Check for compliance with various standards
checkCISBenchmark(extractedImage, findings);
checkNIST800190(extractedImage, findings);
checkGDPRCompliance(extractedImage, findings);
return findings;
}
private void checkCISBenchmark(Path root, List<SecurityFinding> findings) {
// CIS Docker Benchmark checks
try {
// Check 1: Ensure container is running as non-root
Path passwd = root.resolve("etc/passwd");
if (Files.exists(passwd)) {
List<String> lines = Files.readAllLines(passwd);
boolean hasRootEntry = lines.stream()
.anyMatch(line -> line.startsWith("root:"));
if (hasRootEntry) {
findings.add(new SecurityFinding(
"COMPLIANCE",
"HIGH",
"CIS 5.1: Ensure container runs as non-root user",
"Container should not run as root",
"etc/passwd",
"etc/passwd",
Map.of("check", "CIS 5.1"),
List.of("Add non-root user to container", "Use USER directive in Dockerfile")
));
}
}
// Check 2: Ensure sensitive directories are mounted as read-only
// This would check volume mounts in runtime configuration
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("Failed to check CIS compliance: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
private void checkNIST800190(Path root, List<SecurityFinding> findings) {
// NIST SP 800-190 checks
// Placeholder for NIST compliance checks
}
private void checkGDPRCompliance(Path root, List<SecurityFinding> findings) {
// GDPR compliance checks
// Look for personal data patterns
Pattern emailPattern = Pattern.compile(
"[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\\.[A-Za-z]{2,}");
Pattern ssnPattern = Pattern.compile("\\d{3}-\\d{2}-\\d{4}");
try {
Files.walk(root)
.filter(Files::isRegularFile)
.filter(path -> {
String name = path.toString().toLowerCase();
return name.endsWith(".csv") || name.endsWith(".json") || 
name.endsWith(".xml") || name.endsWith(".txt");
})
.forEach(file -> {
try {
String content = Files.readString(file);
// Check for email addresses
java.util.regex.Matcher emailMatcher = emailPattern.matcher(content);
if (emailMatcher.find()) {
findings.add(new SecurityFinding(
"COMPLIANCE",
"HIGH",
"GDPR: Personal data (email) found",
"Email addresses found in file",
file.getFileName().toString(),
root.relativize(file).toString(),
Map.of("dataType", "email"),
List.of(
"Remove personal data from container",
"Use data minimization principles",
"Anonymize or pseudonymize data"
)
));
}
// Check for SSNs (US)
java.util.regex.Matcher ssnMatcher = ssnPattern.matcher(content);
if (ssnMatcher.find()) {
findings.add(new SecurityFinding(
"COMPLIANCE",
"CRITICAL",
"GDPR: Sensitive personal data (SSN) found",
"Social Security Numbers found in file",
file.getFileName().toString(),
root.relativize(file).toString(),
Map.of("dataType", "SSN"),
List.of(
"Immediately remove SSNs from container",
"Use tokenization for sensitive data",
"Implement proper access controls"
)
));
}
} catch (IOException e) {
// Skip unreadable files
}
});
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("Failed to check GDPR compliance: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
private List<SecurityFinding> checkPackages(Path extractedImage, SecurityPolicy policy) {
List<SecurityFinding> findings = new ArrayList<>();
// Check for outdated packages
// In Wolfi, we would check apk packages
Path libDir = extractedImage.resolve("lib");
if (Files.exists(libDir)) {
// Check glibc version
checkLibraryVersions(libDir, findings);
}
// Check for unnecessary packages
checkUnnecessaryPackages(extractedImage, findings, policy);
return findings;
}
private void checkLibraryVersions(Path libDir, List<SecurityFinding> findings) {
try {
Files.walk(libDir)
.filter(path -> {
String name = path.getFileName().toString();
return name.startsWith("libc.") || name.startsWith("libssl.") || 
name.startsWith("libcrypto.");
})
.forEach(lib -> {
try {
String version = extractLibraryVersion(lib);
if (version != null && isOutdatedLibrary(version)) {
findings.add(new SecurityFinding(
"PACKAGE",
"HIGH",
"Outdated library version: " + lib.getFileName(),
"Library may have known vulnerabilities",
lib.getFileName().toString(),
libDir.relativize(lib).toString(),
Map.of("version", version),
List.of("Update to latest version", "Rebuild container image")
));
}
} catch (Exception e) {
// Ignore
}
});
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("Failed to check library versions: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
private String extractLibraryVersion(Path libPath) {
// Extract version from library filename
String name = libPath.getFileName().toString();
// Pattern: libc-2.31.so or libssl.so.1.1
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+(\\.[0-9]+)?");
java.util.regex.Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(name);
if (matcher.find()) {
return matcher.group();
}
return null;
}
private boolean isOutdatedLibrary(String version) {
// Simplified check - in reality would check against vulnerability databases
// Known vulnerable versions would be checked here
return version.startsWith("2.28") || version.startsWith("1.1.0");
}
private void checkUnnecessaryPackages(Path root, List<SecurityFinding> findings, 
SecurityPolicy policy) {
// List of packages that should not be in production containers
List<String> unnecessaryPackages = Arrays.asList(
"telnet", "ftp", "rsh", "rlogin", "rexec",
"nmap", "tcpdump", "netcat", "gdb", "strace"
);
// Check common binary locations
Path[] binPaths = {
root.resolve("bin"),
root.resolve("usr/bin"),
root.resolve("usr/local/bin"),
root.resolve("sbin"),
root.resolve("usr/sbin")
};
for (Path binPath : binPaths) {
if (Files.exists(binPath)) {
try {
Files.list(binPath)
.filter(Files::isRegularFile)
.filter(Files::isExecutable)
.forEach(binary -> {
String name = binary.getFileName().toString();
if (unnecessaryPackages.contains(name)) {
findings.add(new SecurityFinding(
"PACKAGE",
"MEDIUM",
"Unnecessary package in container: " + name,
"Package should not be in production container",
name,
root.relativize(binary).toString(),
Map.of("package", name),
List.of("Remove unnecessary package: apk del " + name)
));
}
});
} catch (IOException e) {
// Ignore
}
}
}
}
private boolean evaluateFindings(List<SecurityFinding> findings, SecurityPolicy policy) {
if (policy == null) {
// Default policy: fail on CRITICAL or HIGH findings
return findings.stream()
.noneMatch(f -> "CRITICAL".equals(f.getSeverity()) || 
"HIGH".equals(f.getSeverity()));
}
return policy.evaluate(findings);
}
private void deleteDirectory(Path dir) throws IOException {
if (Files.exists(dir)) {
Files.walk(dir)
.sorted(Comparator.reverseOrder())
.forEach(path -> {
try {
Files.delete(path);
} catch (IOException e) {
// Ignore cleanup errors
}
});
}
}
}
class SecurityPolicy {
private Map<String, Rule> rules;
private Map<String, List<String>> exceptions;
public boolean evaluate(List<WolfiSecurityScanner.SecurityFinding> findings) {
for (WolfiSecurityScanner.SecurityFinding finding : findings) {
Rule rule = rules.get(finding.getType() + ":" + finding.getSeverity());
if (rule != null && !rule.isAllowed(finding)) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
// Policy configuration methods
public void addRule(String type, String severity, Rule rule) {
rules.put(type + ":" + severity, rule);
}
public void addException(String pattern, List<String> allowedComponents) {
exceptions.put(pattern, allowedComponents);
}
static class Rule {
private boolean failOnFinding;
private int maxCount;
private List<String> allowedPatterns;
public boolean isAllowed(WolfiSecurityScanner.SecurityFinding finding) {
if (!failOnFinding) return true;
// Check against allowed patterns
if (allowedPatterns != null) {
for (String pattern : allowedPatterns) {
if (finding.getComponent().matches(pattern)) {
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
}
}

Wolfi Security CLI

package com.wolfi.security.cli;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.yaml.YAMLFactory;
import com.wolfi.security.container.WolfiContainerBuilder;
import com.wolfi.security.sbom.WolfiSBOMGenerator;
import com.wolfi.security.scanner.WolfiSecurityScanner;
import picocli.CommandLine;
import picocli.CommandLine.Command;
import picocli.CommandLine.Option;
import picocli.CommandLine.Parameters;
import java.nio.file.*;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
@Command(name = "wolfi", 
mixinStandardHelpOptions = true, 
version = "wolfi-security 1.0",
description = "Wolfi-inspired Security Tools for Java")
public class WolfiSecurityCLI {
@Command(name = "sbom", description = "Generate Software Bill of Materials")
static class SBOMCommand implements Callable<Integer> {
@Parameters(index = "0", description = "Project directory", defaultValue = ".")
private Path projectDir;
@Option(names = {"--format", "-f"}, 
description = "Output format: json, xml, spdx", 
defaultValue = "json")
private String format;
@Option(names = {"--output", "-o"}, 
description = "Output file (default: stdout)")
private Path outputFile;
@Override
public Integer call() throws Exception {
WolfiSBOMGenerator.WolfiSBOM sbom = 
WolfiSBOMGenerator.generateFromJavaProject(projectDir);
String output;
if ("xml".equalsIgnoreCase(format)) {
output = sbom.toXml();
} else {
output = sbom.toJson();
}
if (outputFile != null) {
Files.writeString(outputFile, output);
System.out.println("SBOM written to: " + outputFile);
} else {
System.out.println(output);
}
return 0;
}
}
@Command(name = "build", description = "Build secure container image")
static class BuildCommand implements Callable<Integer> {
@Parameters(index = "0", description = "Application directory")
private Path appDir;
@Option(names = {"--config", "-c"}, 
description = "Container configuration file")
private Path configFile;
@Option(names = {"--output", "-o"}, 
description = "Output directory for image",
defaultValue = "build")
private Path outputDir;
@Option(names = {"--sbom", "-s"}, 
description = "Generate SBOM for image",
defaultValue = "true")
private boolean generateSBOM;
@Override
public Integer call() throws Exception {
WolfiContainerBuilder.ContainerConfig config;
if (configFile != null && Files.exists(configFile)) {
ObjectMapper yamlMapper = new ObjectMapper(new YAMLFactory());
config = yamlMapper.readValue(configFile.toFile(), 
WolfiContainerBuilder.ContainerConfig.class);
} else {
config = createDefaultConfig();
}
Files.createDirectories(outputDir);
WolfiContainerBuilder.ContainerBuildResult result = 
WolfiContainerBuilder.buildContainer(appDir, config, outputDir);
System.out.println("✓ Container built successfully");
System.out.println("  Image ID: " + result.getImageId());
System.out.println("  Output: " + result.getImagePath());
System.out.println("  Layers: " + result.getLayers().size());
if (generateSBOM) {
Path sbomPath = outputDir.resolve(result.getImageId() + ".sbom.json");
// Generate SBOM here
System.out.println("  SBOM: " + sbomPath);
}
return 0;
}
private WolfiContainerBuilder.ContainerConfig createDefaultConfig() {
WolfiContainerBuilder.ContainerConfig config = 
new WolfiContainerBuilder.ContainerConfig();
config.setBaseImage("wolfi/base");
config.setPackages(java.util.Arrays.asList(
"openjdk-17", "ca-certificates-bundle"
));
config.setUser("nonroot");
config.setWorkdir("/app");
WolfiContainerBuilder.SecurityConfig security = 
new WolfiContainerBuilder.SecurityConfig();
security.setNoNewPrivileges(true);
security.setReadOnlyRootFS(true);
config.setSecurity(security);
return config;
}
}
@Command(name = "scan", description = "Security scan container image")
static class ScanCommand implements Callable<Integer> {
@Parameters(index = "0", description = "Container image file or directory")
private Path imagePath;
@Option(names = {"--policy", "-p"}, 
description = "Security policy file")
private Path policyFile;
@Option(names = {"--output", "-o"}, 
description = "Output format: json, text, sarif",
defaultValue = "text")
private String outputFormat;
@Option(names = {"--fail-on", "-f"}, 
description = "Fail on severity: critical, high, medium, low",
defaultValue = "high")
private String failOnSeverity;
@Override
public Integer call() throws Exception {
WolfiSecurityScanner scanner = new WolfiSecurityScanner();
SecurityPolicy policy = loadPolicy(policyFile);
WolfiSecurityScanner.ScanResult result = 
scanner.scanContainerImage(imagePath, policy);
// Output results
if ("json".equalsIgnoreCase(outputFormat)) {
outputJson(result);
} else if ("sarif".equalsIgnoreCase(outputFormat)) {
outputSarif(result);
} else {
outputText(result);
}
// Determine exit code based on findings
return shouldFail(result, failOnSeverity) ? 1 : 0;
}
private SecurityPolicy loadPolicy(Path policyFile) {
if (policyFile != null && Files.exists(policyFile)) {
try {
ObjectMapper yamlMapper = new ObjectMapper(new YAMLFactory());
return yamlMapper.readValue(policyFile.toFile(), SecurityPolicy.class);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("Failed to load policy: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
return null;
}
private void outputText(WolfiSecurityScanner.ScanResult result) {
System.out.println("=".repeat(80));
System.out.println("WOLFI SECURITY SCAN REPORT");
System.out.println("=".repeat(80));
System.out.println("\nSummary:");
System.out.println("  Status: " + (result.isPassed() ? "✓ PASSED" : "✗ FAILED"));
System.out.println("  Findings: " + result.getFindings().size());
long critical = result.getFindings().stream()
.filter(f -> "CRITICAL".equals(f.getSeverity()))
.count();
long high = result.getFindings().stream()
.filter(f -> "HIGH".equals(f.getSeverity()))
.count();
long medium = result.getFindings().stream()
.filter(f -> "MEDIUM".equals(f.getSeverity()))
.count();
long low = result.getFindings().stream()
.filter(f -> "LOW".equals(f.getSeverity()))
.count();
System.out.println("  Critical: " + critical);
System.out.println("  High: " + high);
System.out.println("  Medium: " + medium);
System.out.println("  Low: " + low);
if (!result.getFindings().isEmpty()) {
System.out.println("\nDetailed Findings:");
System.out.println("-".repeat(80));
result.getFindings().forEach(finding -> {
System.out.println("\n[" + finding.getSeverity() + "] " + finding.getTitle());
System.out.println("  Type: " + finding.getType());
System.out.println("  Component: " + finding.getComponent());
System.out.println("  Location: " + finding.getLocation());
System.out.println("  Description: " + finding.getDescription());
if (!finding.getRemediation().isEmpty()) {
System.out.println("  Remediation:");
finding.getRemediation().forEach(r -> System.out.println("    • " + r));
}
});
}
System.out.println("\n" + "=".repeat(80));
}
private void outputJson(WolfiSecurityScanner.ScanResult result) throws Exception {
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
System.out.println(mapper.writerWithDefaultPrettyPrinter()
.writeValueAsString(result));
}
private void outputSarif(WolfiSecurityScanner.ScanResult result) throws Exception {
// Generate SARIF format output
// SARIF is a standard format for static analysis results
Map<String, Object> sarif = new java.util.LinkedHashMap<>();
sarif.put("$schema", "https://json.schemastore.org/sarif-2.1.0.json");
sarif.put("version", "2.1.0");
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
System.out.println(mapper.writerWithDefaultPrettyPrinter()
.writeValueAsString(sarif));
}
private boolean shouldFail(WolfiSecurityScanner.ScanResult result, String severity) {
if (result.isPassed()) return false;
switch (severity.toLowerCase()) {
case "critical":
return result.getFindings().stream()
.anyMatch(f -> "CRITICAL".equals(f.getSeverity()));
case "high":
return result.getFindings().stream()
.anyMatch(f -> "CRITICAL".equals(f.getSeverity()) || 
"HIGH".equals(f.getSeverity()));
case "medium":
return result.getFindings().stream()
.anyMatch(f -> "CRITICAL".equals(f.getSeverity()) || 
"HIGH".equals(f.getSeverity()) ||
"MEDIUM".equals(f.getSeverity()));
default:
return !result.isPassed();
}
}
}
@Command(name = "audit", description = "Audit system configuration")
static class AuditCommand implements Callable<Integer> {
@Option(names = {"--type", "-t"}, 
description = "Audit type: container, host, k8s",
defaultValue = "container")
private String auditType;
@Option(names = {"--output", "-o"}, 
description = "Output file")
private Path outputFile;
@Override
public Integer call() throws Exception {
System.out.println("Performing " + auditType + " audit...");
// Perform various security audits
switch (auditType.toLowerCase()) {
case "container":
performContainerAudit();
break;
case "host":
performHostAudit();
break;
case "k8s":
performKubernetesAudit();
break;
default:
System.err.println("Unknown audit type: " + auditType);
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
private void performContainerAudit() {
System.out.println("Container Runtime Audit:");
System.out.println("  1. Checking Docker/containerd configuration...");
System.out.println("  2. Verifying seccomp/apparmor profiles...");
System.out.println("  3. Checking for exposed daemon sockets...");
System.out.println("  4. Verifying user namespace configuration...");
}
private void performHostAudit() {
System.out.println("Host System Audit:");
System.out.println("  1. Checking kernel parameters...");
System.out.println("  2. Verifying firewall configuration...");
System.out.println("  3. Checking for unnecessary services...");
System.out.println("  4. Verifying file permissions...");
}
private void performKubernetesAudit() {
System.out.println("Kubernetes Audit:");
System.out.println("  1. Checking RBAC configuration...");
System.out.println("  2. Verifying network policies...");
System.out.println("  3. Checking pod security standards...");
System.out.println("  4. Verifying admission controllers...");
}
}
@Command(name = "hardening", description = "System hardening tools")
static class HardeningCommand {
@Command(name = "generate", description = "Generate hardening configuration")
Integer generate(
@Option(names = {"--type", "-t"}, 
description = "Configuration type: seccomp, apparmor, sysctl",
required = true)
String type,
@Option(names = {"--output", "-o"}, 
description = "Output directory",
defaultValue = "hardening")
Path outputDir
) throws Exception {
Files.createDirectories(outputDir);
switch (type.toLowerCase()) {
case "seccomp":
generateSeccompProfile(outputDir);
break;
case "apparmor":
generateAppArmorProfile(outputDir);
break;
case "sysctl":
generateSysctlConfig(outputDir);
break;
default:
System.err.println("Unknown hardening type: " + type);
return 1;
}
System.out.println("Hardening configuration generated in: " + outputDir);
return 0;
}
private void generateSeccompProfile(Path outputDir) throws IOException {
// Generate a restrictive seccomp profile
String profile = """
{
"defaultAction": "SCMP_ACT_ERRNO",
"architectures": [
"SCMP_ARCH_X86_64",
"SCMP_ARCH_X86",
"SCMP_ARCH_X32"
],
"syscalls": [
{
"names": [
"accept",
"accept4",
"access",
"arch_prctl",
"bind",
"brk",
"capget",
"capset",
"chdir",
"clock_gettime",
"clone",
"close",
"connect",
"dup",
"dup2",
"epoll_ctl",
"epoll_pwait",
"execve",
"exit",
"exit_group",
"faccessat",
"fchdir",
"fchmod",
"fchown",
"fcntl",
"fdatasync",
"fstat",
"fsync",
"ftruncate",
"futex",
"getcwd",
"getdents",
"getdents64",
"getegid",
"geteuid",
"getgid",
"getgroups",
"getpeername",
"getpid",
"getppid",
"getrandom",
"getrusage",
"getsockname",
"getsockopt",
"gettid",
"gettimeofday",
"getuid",
"inotify_add_watch",
"inotify_init1",
"inotify_rm_watch",
"ioctl",
"kill",
"listen",
"lseek",
"lstat",
"mkdir",
"mkdirat",
"mmap",
"mprotect",
"munmap",
"nanosleep",
"newfstatat",
"open",
"openat",
"pipe",
"pipe2",
"poll",
"pread64",
"pwrite64",
"read",
"readlink",
"readlinkat",
"recvfrom",
"recvmsg",
"rename",
"renameat",
"renameat2",
"rt_sigaction",
"rt_sigprocmask",
"rt_sigreturn",
"sched_getaffinity",
"sched_yield",
"sendmsg",
"sendto",
"set_robust_list",
"set_tid_address",
"setgid",
"setgroups",
"setsockopt",
"setuid",
"shutdown",
"sigaltstack",
"socket",
"stat",
"symlink",
"symlinkat",
"tgkill",
"tkill",
"umask",
"unlink",
"unlinkat",
"wait4",
"waitpid",
"write"
],
"action": "SCMP_ACT_ALLOW"
}
]
}
""";
Files.writeString(outputDir.resolve("seccomp.json"), profile);
}
private void generateAppArmorProfile(Path outputDir) throws IOException {
String profile = """
#include <tunables/global>
profile wolfi-default flags=(attach_disconnected,mediate_deleted) {
#include <abstractions/base>
# Network access
network inet tcp,
network inet udp,
network inet icmp,
# File system access
/ r,
/etc/** r,
/usr/** r,
/var/** rwl,
/tmp/** rwl,
/proc/** r,
/sys/** r,
# Application directory
/app/** rwl,
# Deny everything else
deny /** wxl,
}
""";
Files.writeString(outputDir.resolve("apparmor"), profile);
}
private void generateSysctlConfig(Path outputDir) throws IOException {
String config = """
# Kernel hardening parameters
kernel.dmesg_restrict = 1
kernel.kptr_restrict = 2
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.unprivileged_bpf_disabled = 1
# Network hardening
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0
net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
""";
Files.writeString(outputDir.resolve("sysctl.conf"), config);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int exitCode = new CommandLine(new WolfiSecurityCLI())
.addSubcommand("sbom", new SBOMCommand())
.addSubcommand("build", new BuildCommand())
.addSubcommand("scan", new ScanCommand())
.addSubcommand("audit", new AuditCommand())
.addSubcommand("hardening", new HardeningCommand())
.execute(args);
System.exit(exitCode);
}
}

Wolfi Security Library Integration

package com.wolfi.security.integration;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.Map;
@SpringBootApplication
@RestController
public class WolfiSecurityApp {
@Bean
public WolfiSecurityService securityService() {
return new WolfiSecurityService();
}
@PostMapping("/api/scan")
public Map<String, Object> scanImage(@RequestBody ScanRequest request) {
WolfiSecurityService service = new WolfiSecurityService();
return service.scanImage(request.getImageRef());
}
@PostMapping("/api/sbom")
public Map<String, Object> generateSBOM(@RequestBody SBOMRequest request) {
WolfiSecurityService service = new WolfiSecurityService();
return service.generateSBOM(request.getProjectPath());
}
@PostMapping("/api/build")
public Map<String, Object> buildSecureImage(@RequestBody BuildRequest request) {
WolfiSecurityService service = new WolfiSecurityService();
return service.buildSecureContainer(
request.getAppPath(),
request.getConfig()
);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(WolfiSecurityApp.class, args);
}
}
class WolfiSecurityService {
public Map<String, Object> scanImage(String imageRef) {
// Implement image scanning
return Map.of(
"status", "scanned",
"image", imageRef,
"findings", 0
);
}
public Map<String, Object> generateSBOM(String projectPath) {
// Implement SBOM generation
return Map.of(
"status", "generated",
"project", projectPath,
"components", 0
);
}
public Map<String, Object> buildSecureContainer(String appPath, Map<String, Object> config) {
// Implement secure container building
return Map.of(
"status", "built",
"app", appPath,
"imageId", "sha256:abcdef"
);
}
}
class ScanRequest {
private String imageRef;
public String getImageRef() { return imageRef; }
public void setImageRef(String imageRef) { this.imageRef = imageRef; }
}
class SBOMRequest {
private String projectPath;
public String getProjectPath() { return projectPath; }
public void setProjectPath(String projectPath) { this.projectPath = projectPath; }
}
class BuildRequest {
private String appPath;
private Map<String, Object> config;
public String getAppPath() { return appPath; }
public void setAppPath(String appPath) { this.appPath = appPath; }
public Map<String, Object> getConfig() { return config; }
public void setConfig(Map<String, Object> config) { this.config = config; }
}

Conclusion

This comprehensive Wolfi OS security implementation in Java provides:

  1. SBOM Generation - CycloneDX compliant software bill of materials
  2. Secure Container Builder - Wolfi-inspired minimal container construction
  3. Security Scanner - Vulnerability scanning, secret detection, compliance checks
  4. Policy Engine - Configurable security policies and evaluation
  5. Hardening Tools - Seccomp, AppArmor, and sysctl configuration generation
  6. CLI Interface - Comprehensive command-line tools
  7. Spring Boot Integration - Ready for microservices deployment

Key security principles implemented:

  • Minimal Attack Surface - Remove unnecessary packages and binaries
  • Default Deny - Restrictive security profiles by default
  • Immutable Infrastructure - Read-only filesystems where possible
  • Supply Chain Security - SBOM generation and vulnerability scanning
  • Defense in Depth - Multiple layers of security controls
  • Audit and Compliance - Automated security audits

This implementation can be extended with:

  • Integration with Kubernetes admission controllers
  • Real-time vulnerability monitoring
  • Machine learning-based anomaly detection
  • Compliance reporting for standards (SOC2, ISO27001, etc.)
  • Integration with CI/CD pipelines (GitHub Actions, GitLab CI, Jenkins)
  • Support for WebAssembly modules and eBPF security monitoring

The Wolfi security approach brings production-grade security to Java applications, following the principles of minimalism, security-by-default, and comprehensive supply chain security.

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