100 COMMONLY USED WORDS IN c++ ► MacroNepal

Table of Contents

1-10: Basic Syntax

int: A fundamental data type used to declare integer variables.
float: A floating-point data type for decimal values.
double: Double-precision floating-point numbers, more accurate than float.
char: Used for storing single characters.
bool: Represents Boolean values (true or false).
void: Denotes no return value for a function.
if: Conditional statement that executes code based on a condition.
else: Provides an alternative block of code when an if condition is false.
switch: A control statement that selects one of many code blocks to execute.
for: A loop that repeats code a specified number of times.

struct: A collection of variables grouped under one name.
class: Blueprint for objects, bundling methods and attributes.
union: A data structure where all members share the same memory location.
enum: Defines a set of named integral constants.
array: A collection of variables of the same type stored at contiguous memory locations.
string: Represents sequences of characters, commonly used from the Standard Template Library (STL).
vector: A dynamic array provided by the STL.
list: Doubly linked list in STL, allowing insertion and deletion anywhere.
map: A key-value pair container in STL.
pair: A container for two values.

cin: Standard input stream.
cout: Standard output stream.
cerr: Standard error stream.
clog: Standard log stream.
endl: Ends a line in output and flushes the stream.
gets: Reads a string until a newline character (not safe to use due to buffer overflow risks).
puts: Outputs a string followed by a newline.
getline(): Reads a full line of input, including spaces.
fprintf: Prints formatted output to a file.
fscanf: Reads formatted input from a file.

while: Repeats a block of code while a condition is true.
do-while: Similar to while, but checks the condition after executing the loop.
break: Terminates a loop or switch statement.
continue: Skips the current iteration of a loop.
goto: Jumps to another point in the program.
return: Exits a function and optionally returns a value.
try: Starts a block of code for exception handling.
catch: Handles exceptions thrown by try.
throw: Throws an exception.
exit(): Terminates a program.

main(): The entry point of a C++ program.
inline: Suggests that the compiler replaces a function call with the function’s code to optimize performance.
const: Declares variables or parameters as constant.
static: Keeps a local variable’s value between function calls or restricts the visibility of a variable or function to a file.
friend: Allows a function or class to access private and protected members of another class.
virtual: Allows a function to be overridden in derived classes.
overloading: Multiple functions can have the same name with different parameters.
template: Allows writing generic programs.
recursion: A function that calls itself.
lambda: An anonymous function that can be defined inline.

&: Address-of operator, used to get the memory address of a variable.
*: Dereference operator, used to access the value at the address pointed to by a pointer.
nullptr: Represents a null pointer.
new: Allocates memory dynamically.
delete: Frees memory allocated by new.
reference: An alias for another variable.
pointer: Stores the address of a variable.
smart pointer: Automatically manages memory, like std::unique_ptr and std::shared_ptr.
dangling pointer: A pointer that no longer points to valid memory.
memory leak: Occurs when dynamically allocated memory is not properly freed.

algorithm: A header that includes many common algorithms like sort(), find(), etc.
vector: Dynamic array.
deque: Double-ended queue.
stack: Last-in, first-out container.
queue: First-in, first-out container.
priority_queue: A heap-based queue.
set: Collection of unique elements.
multiset: Collection of non-unique elements.
map: Key-value pair container.
unordered_map: Hash-based key-value container.

namespace: Avoids name conflicts by organizing code into logical groups.
typedef: Defines a new name for an existing type.
typeid: Provides runtime type information.
auto: Automatically deduces the type of a variable.
decltype: Deduces the type of an expression.
constexpr: Used to define constant expressions.
static_cast: A type cast used for well-defined conversions.
dynamic_cast: Safely casts between base and derived classes.
mutable: Allows a class member to be modified, even if the object is const.
volatile: Tells the compiler that a variable can be changed unexpectedly, such as in a multi-threaded environment.

Reference: [C++ Advanced Concepts – Programiz](https://www.programiz.com/cpp-programming